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Contents

  1. Title Page, Copyright Notice, and Creative Commons License

    1. Informed Arguments: A Guide to Writing and Research

  2. OER Acknowledgments and Information for Reuse

  3. I. Introduction

    1. 1.1 Welcome

      Terri Pantuso; Kathy Anders; and Sarah LeMire

      1. Rationale
      2. Acknowledgements
      3. A Note on the System of Attribution
      4. About the Editors
  4. II. Getting Started

    1. 2.1 Introduction

      Terri Pantuso

    2. 2.2 What is The Writing Process?

      Sarah M. Lacy; Melanie Gagich; and Terri Pantuso

      1. The Writing Process in 6 Steps

    3. 2.3 Understanding the Writing Assignment: Quick Reference

      Robin Jeffrey; Emilie Zickel; Kathy Anders; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Writing Genre
      2. How to Answer the Assignment Question(s)
      3. Recognizing Implied Questions
      4. Identifying Writing Requirements
      5. Identifying Source Information Requirements
      6. Identifying Evaluation Criteria
      7. Recognizing Disciplinary Expectations

    4. 2.4 Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Content

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; Kirk Swenson; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Identifying Common Academic Purposes
      2. Selecting an Appropriate Tone
      3. Choosing Appropriate, Interesting Content

    5. 2.5 Prewriting

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; Kirk Swenson; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Choosing a Topic
      2. Brainstorming
      3. Outlining

    6. 2.6 Writing Thesis Statements

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; and Kirk Swenson

      1. Working Thesis Statements
      2. Pitfalls to Avoid
      3. Ways to Revise Your Thesis
  5. III. Rhetorical Situation

    1. 3.1 Introduction

      Terri Pantuso

    2. 3.2 What is Rhetoric?

      Melanie Gagich and Terri Pantuso

      1. Why Do I Need to Think Rhetorically?

    3. 3.3 What is Rhetorical Analysis?

      A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing

    4. 3.4 What is the Rhetorical Situation?

      Robin Jeffrey; Emilie Zickel; Terri Pantuso; Kalani Pattison; and Sarah LeMire

      1. Purpose
      2. Author
      3. Setting
      4. Text
      5. Audience

    5. 3.5 Classical Rhetoric

      Rebecca Jones

      1. The Appeals

    6. 3.6 Rhetorical Appeals: Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Defined

      Melanie Gagich; Emilie Zickel; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Rhetorical Appeals

    7. 3.7 Logical Fallacies

      Melanie Gagich; Emilie Zickel; and Terri Pantuso

    8. 3.8 Rhetorical Modes of Writing

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; Kirk Swenson; Ann Inoshita; Karyl Garland; Kate Sims; Jeanne K. Tsutsui Keuma; Tasha Williams; Susan Wood; Terri Pantuso; and Kalani Pattison

      1. Narration
      2. Description
      3. Exposition
      4. Persuasion

    9. 3.9 Bias in Writing

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; and Kirk Swenson

    10. 3.10 The Use of “I” in Writing

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; and Kirk Swenson

    11. 3.11 Facts and Opinions

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; and Kirk Swenson

    12. 3.12 Using Visual Elements to Strengthen Arguments

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; and Kirk Swenson

      1. Writing a Persuasive Essay

    13. 3.13 Visual Analysis in Composition & Rhetoric and Literature

      James Francis Jr.

      1. What is Visual Analysis?
      2. Why is Visual Analysis Important?
      3. How Can We Use Visual Analysis in the Composition & Rhetoric and Literature Classrooms?
      4. Visual Terminology

    14. 3.14 Writing a Visual Analysis

      Terri Pantuso

      1. Arguments About a Visual
      2. Arguments Presented By/Within a Visual
  6. IV. Types of Argumentation

    1. 4.1 Introduction

      Terri Pantuso

    2. 4.2 Features of an Argument

      Terri Pantuso

      1. Rhetorical Appeals
      2. Approaches to Argument
      3. Style/ Eloquence

    3. 4.3 Failures in Evidence: When “Lots of Quotes” Can’t Save a Paper

      Emilie Zickel

    4. 4.4 Basic Structure and Content of Argument

      Amanda Lloyd; Emilie Zickel; Robin Jeffrey; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Claim: What Do You Want the Reader to Believe?
      2. Evidence or Grounds: What Makes Your Reasoning Valid?
      3. Warrants: Why Should a Reader Accept Your Claim?
      4. Counterargument: But What About Other Perspectives?
      5. Response to Counterargument: I See That, But…

    5. 4.5 Toulmin: Dissecting the Everyday Argument

      Rebecca Jones and Sarah LeMire

    6. 4.6 Rogerian Argument

      Terri Pantuso

    7. 4.7 On the Other Hand: The Role of Antithetical Writing in First Year Composition Courses

      Steven D. Krause

      1. Thesis Is Not Doesn’t Have to Be a Bad Thing (Or Why Write Antithesis Essays in the First Place)
      2. Generating Antithetical Points in Five Easy Steps
      3. Strategies for Answering Antithetical/Oppositional Arguments
      4. But You Still Can’t Convince Everyone . . .
  7. V. Process and Organization

    1. 5.1 Introduction

      Terri Pantuso

    2. 5.2 Methods of Organizing Your Writing

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Chronological Order
      2. Order of Importance
      3. Spatial Order

    3. 5.3 Writing Paragraphs

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; Kirk Swenson; Terri Pantuso; and Kalani Pattison

      1. Creating Focused Paragraphs with Topic Sentences
      2. Location of Topic Sentences
      3. Developing Paragraphs
      4. Improving Paragraph Coherence

    4. 5.4 Drafting

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; Kirk Swenson; Sarah M. Lacy; Melanie Gagich; Terri Pantuso; and Kalani Pattison

      1. Goals and Strategies for Drafting
      2. Making the Writing Process Work for You
      3. The Basic Elements of a First Draft
      4. Drafting Body Paragraphs
      5. Drafting Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs

    5. 5.5 Revising and Editing

      Kathryn Crowther; Lauren Curtright; Nancy Gilbert; Barbara Hall; Tracienne Ravita; Kirk Swenson; Terri Pantuso; and Kalani Pattison

      1. Understanding the Purpose of Revising and Editing
      2. Completing a Peer Review
      3. Using Feedback
      4. Editing Your Draft
  8. VI. Joining the Academic Conversation

    1. 6.1 Introduction

      Kathy Anders

    2. 6.2 Evaluating the Important Voices

      Deborah Bernnard; Greg Bobish; Jenna Hecker; Irina Holden; Allison Hosier; Trudi Jacobson; Tor Loney; Daryl Bullis; and Sarah LeMire

      1. Distinguishing Between Information Resources
      2. Choosing Materials
      3. Identifying Key Points and Arguments
      4. Evaluating Your Findings
      5. The Five Ws
      6. Conclusion

    3. 6.3 Using Sources in Your Paper

      John Lanning; Amanda Lloyd; Robin Jeffrey; Melanie Gagich; Terri Pantuso; Sarah LeMire; and Kalani Pattison

      1. Referring to the Author within a Signal Phrase
      2. Varying Your Verbs
      3. Why Use Signal Phrases and Attributive Tags?
      4. Quoting
      5. Paraphrasing and Summarizing
  9. VII. Researched Writing

    1. 7.1 Introduction

      Terri Pantuso

    2. 7.2 Developing a Research Question

      Emilie Zickel and Terri Pantuso

      1. Brainstorming Ideas for a Research Topic
      2. From Topic to Research Question

    3. 7.3 Researched Position Paper

      Terri Pantuso

    4. 7.4 Developing a Research Strategy

      Deborah Bernnard; Greg Bobish; Jenna Hecker; Irina Holden; Allison Hosier; Trudi Jacobson; Tor Loney; Daryl Bullis; and Sarah LeMire

      1. Self-Reflection
      2. Selecting Search Tools
      3. Consider Asking an Expert
      4. Determining Search Concepts and Keywords
      5. Boolean Operators
      6. Other Helpful Search Techniques

    5. 7.5 Finding Supporting Information

      Deborah Bernnard; Greg Bobish; Jenna Hecker; Irina Holden; Allison Hosier; Trudi Jacobson; Tor Loney; Daryl Bullis; Sarah LeMire; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Different Information Formats and Their Characteristics
      2. Checking for Further Knowledge Gaps

    6. 7.6 Using the Right Sources for Your Project

      Emilie Zickel; Robin Jeffrey; Yvonne Bruce; Sarah LeMire; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Types of Evidence in Academic Arguments
      2. Scholarly Sources
      3. Types of Sources: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary

    7. 7.7 Writing an Annotated Bibliography

      Emilie Zickel; Melanie Gagich; and Terri Pantuso

      1. Components of an Annotated Bibliography

    8. 7.8 From Annotated Bibliography to Rough Draft: How to Develop your Position

      Terri Pantuso

  10. VIII: Ethics

    1. 8.1 Introduction

      Kathy Anders

    2. 8.2 Managing Information

      Deborah Bernnard; Greg Bobish; Jenna Hecker; Irina Holden; Allison Hosier; Trudi Jacobson; Tor Loney; Daryl Bullis; and Kathy Anders

      1. Unintentional Plagiarism
      2. What is Plagiarism?
      3. When to Cite
      4. Five Tips for Avoiding Plagiarism

    3. 8.3 Ethical Issues and Intellectual Property

      Deborah Bernnard; Greg Bobish; Jenna Hecker; Irina Holden; Allison Hosier; Trudi Jacobson; Tor Loney; Daryl Bullis; Yvonne Bruce; and Kathy Anders

      1. Academic Integrity
      2. Other Considerations for Using Sources Ethically

    4. 8.4 Keeping Track of Your Sources

      Deborah Bernnard; Greg Bobish; Jenna Hecker; Irina Holden; Allison Hosier; Trudi Jacobson; Tor Loney; Daryl Bullis; and Sarah LeMire

      1. Reference Management Software
      2. Citation Styles
      3. Where to Go For Help

    5. 8.5 Citation Formatting

      Sarah LeMire

    6. 8.6 APA Format

      Sarah LeMire

      1. Reference List
      2. In-Text Citations

    7. 8.7 MLA Format

      Sarah LeMire

      1. Works Cited
      2. In-Text Citations

  11. Glossary